蘭嶼樹杞

英名:
Ceylon Ardisia
學名:
Ardisia elliptica Thunb.
別名:
蘭嶼紫金牛、濱樹杞
科別:
紫金牛科 (Myrsinaceae)
屬別:
紫金牛屬 (Ardisia)

長綠灌木或小喬木,高可達5公尺;幹光滑。單葉互生,葉革質至略肉質,全緣,側脈不明顯,倒卵形或倒卵狀披針形,長約6~11公分,寬約3~5公分,先端鈍或圓,基部楔形。花序腋生,近繖形或總狀繖形,有總柄,花序軸長約1~2.2公分,粗壯;單花梗長0.5~0.9公分,綠色;花萼5裂,圓形,長約0.2~0.25公分;花瓣5片,粉紅色或偶白色,裂片卵形,長約0.7~0.9公分,寬約0.6~0.7公分,先端銳尖,常有暗紫紅色斑點;萼片圓形,具緣毛。漿果球形,徑約0.7~1.1公分,由綠色轉紫至紫黑成熟,內有種子。種子具纖維質,為海漂散布型種實。

原產馬來西亞、菲律賓、琉球及臺灣。臺灣分布區域,以恒春半島、蘭嶼及綠島為主。另東海岸地區的小野柳,亦可見野生植株。臺灣局部地區的公園、綠地可見栽種作庭園樹或行道樹,也頗適合作為觀賞小盆栽及種子苗盆栽,以裝飾案桌用。本種在綠島地區稱為「山豬肉」;蘭嶼則稱為「paiin」,成熟果實除了均是2處離島小朋友甚為喜歡的野生零嘴,亦是2島上鵯科及鳩鴿科鳥類的最愛。

本種與名列世界百大入侵生物的「春不老」(Ardisia squamulosa Presl.)長得很像,並指出其原產地在臺灣,且常因此把二種互混或誤認。市面上園藝界販售者,以「春不老」較常見,且多予冠上「蘭嶼樹杞」之名出售,並因此在少部份公園或河川地區,已建立野外馴化族群,日後是否形成入侵植物(invasive plants)危害本土物種,有待注意。至於「春不老」究竟原產於何處尚待查明。其實二者頗容易區別,可以「春不老」葉形呈披針狀長卵形、質地較薄、嫩葉、幼葉及葉柄紅色及漿果壓縮球形等明顯差異來區分。


Ardisia elliptica is an evergreen tree that can grow up to 5 meters in height. Its leaves are elliptic, alternate, 6–11 cm in length, 3–5 cm in width. Its flowers are light pink and its fruits are durpes that turn dark purple when fully matured. Its seeds are drift seeds.

This tree is distributed across Malaysia, the Philippines, and Taiwan. It is generally planted as ornamental trees in parks and streets, and attracts avian life. Due to its ability to reach maturity from saplings within 2–4 years and their fast reproduction rate, Ardisia elliptica is considered as an invasive species in the western countries.

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