常綠喬木,高可達10公尺,幹徑約30~40公分,樹皮灰褐色,有不規則細裂縫或細溝裂,全株含有豐富的白色乳汁,皮孔灰褐色;具多數分枝,小枝細長粗壯,被紅褐柔毛,落葉後葉痕顯著。單葉互生,叢生枝端,厚革質,全緣且邊緣向後反捲,兩面光滑;長橢圓形或長卵形,長10~15公分,寬4.5~7.5公分,先端圓或稍凹,基部鈍,中肋顯著隆起,側脈約有7~9 對,幼葉兩面通常被紅褐色絨毛;葉柄長2公分。花單生或3-6枚簇生於葉腋,兩性花,花瓣白色或淡黃色,開放時微帶有腐香味,長約1~1.5公分;花柄長1~1.5公分;花萼肉質,6 裂。果實橢圓形,長3.5~4.5公分,徑約1~2公分,肉質,花萼及花柱宿存,種子1~3枚;種子呈紡錘形,長約3公分,屬海漂分布種。
分布於菲律賓呂宋島、巴丹島及印尼的巴布亞新機內亞及臺灣等地。在臺灣產於東北部與恆春半島,以及蘭嶼和綠島之濱海地區;因樹皮含有豐富的乳汁,像橡膠乳液,又名「臺灣膠木」。它的木材紅褐色,軟硬適中,可供作建築及傢俱之材料。在蘭嶼,達悟族人取它來做拼板舟用材之一,樹皮則可做為漁網之染料。
樹形高大優美、落葉少、蟲害少、耐鹽抗風等特性,在臺灣很早就被栽種做為防風林、公園、校園,綠美化用樹或是都市的行道樹。於綠島稱它為「臭屁梭」,與宜蘭流流社(今五結鄉)之稱呼Qasup相近,蘭嶼雅美族人稱為「nato或kolitan」,民俗使用上均為重要野生可食之水果。
本種在原住民遷徙過程中,似佔著重要的軌跡記錄地位,以原住民稱呼的名字「驫古公」來看,於恆春半島及東部海岸沿線地區,多見種於原住民族群的家屋附近,甚至有以它來命名之庄社,例如:恆春之驫(音同大)古公庄(今滿洲鄉長樂),因此推測可能是南島語族遷徙行程中,所必須攜帶之水果,並引進沿途住紮、落腳栽培的民族植物。如在宜蘭流流社及花蓮豐濱新社及臺東長濱等地,有噶瑪蘭人的地方就可見有大葉山欖;原生於在南洋的島嶼上,成熟的果實有硬厚的果皮與堅訒的果肉纖維保護,與族人一同走上遷居的旅程。即如同漢族人於清領時期將果樹中的楊桃、荔枝、龍眼等,先後從華南地區引進臺灣一般。
Formosan nato tree is an evergreen tree that typically grows up to ten meters in height. Its tree bark is brownish grey with a rough textured surface. Its leaves are elliptic, 10 – 15 cm in length and 4.5 – 7.5 cm width, alternate, thick, and glossy. Its flowers are light yellow and produce a unique scent when they blossom. Its fruits are oval shaped, 3.5 – 4.5 cm in length, 1 – 2 cm in width and are edible.
This tree is distributed across the islands of Southeast Asia, including the Philippines, Indonesia and Taiwan along the coastlines. The tree bark produces white saps that can be used as construction materials; Lanyu islanders have been using the saps to build wooden rafts. The barks themselves can also be used to extract dyes. Nevertheless, this tree is commonly planted along the streets or in parks for ornamental purposes.